Study of Different Personalised Dietary Plans on Eating Behaviour, Body Image and Mood in Young Female Professional Handball Players: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Low energy availability may precede or be caused by cognitive disturbances in professional athletes. Related psychological problems include disordered eating patterns, body shape preoccupation, depression or anxiety. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of different personalised dietary plans on psychological factors in young professional female handball players with low energy availability. This 12-week randomised clinical trial involved 21 female players aged 22 ± 4 years, 172.0 ± 5.4 cm and 68.4 ± 6.7 kg divided into three groups (FD: free diet; MD: Mediterranean diet; HAD: high antioxidant diet). Eating behaviour (Eating Attitude Test, EAT-26: diet, bulimia and oral control subscales), body image (Body Shape Questionnaire, BSQ) and mood state (Profile of Mode State, POMS: tension, vigour, anger, depression, fatigue) were assessed. All participants showed low energy availability (<30 kcal/lean mass per day). The different plans showed no significant differences between them but significant differences over time within groups for the variables: body image, Tension, Vigour and Depression (p < 0.05). Eating behaviour improved slightly but did not show statistically significant changes. Following an adequate nutritional planning for athletes seems to improve the mood and body perception of young female handball players. A longer intervention period is required to assess the differences between diets and improvement of other parameters.

Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Eating Disorders in Spanish Nurses with Shift Patterns: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background and Objectives: Shift work has a significant influence on the mental health of workers. Nursing is characterised by a rotational work system. This study aimed to determine whether there was a link between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and the risk of suffering an eating disorder (ED) in nurses according to their work shift. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 women (nurses and nursing assistants) were evaluated and completed the PREDIMED-PLUS questionnaire on adherence to the MD and the EAT-26 (Eating Attitude Test, 26 items). Results: The results indicate that there are no differences in adherence to the MD depending on the work shift, being that adherence to the diet is already low. Statistically significant differences appear depending on the work shift in the following dimensions: restrictive behaviours and bulimia subscales (presenting higher scores in the 7-h rotating shift versus the fixed morning shift or 12-h rotating shift) and for total EAT-26 score. Conclusion: Whilst they do not condition adherence to a MD, the nursing shifts that are the most changing in terms of time patterns may condition restrictive behaviours and compensatory risk behaviours related to an ED.

Eating Disorders in Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women: A Systematic Review.

Background: Pregnancy is a stage associated with various biopsychosocial changes. These changes, along with concerns about keeping an adequate weight, can modulate an individual's risk for psychological disorders, especially eating disorders (EDs). The aim of this review was to investigate the prevalence, associated risks, and consequences of eating disorders in pregnancy and in breastfeeding mothers. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines in the scientific databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO. Search terms related to EDs, pregnancy, and breastfeeding were used. The evaluation of the methodological quality of the studies was carried out using different scales; CASP (Checklist for Cohort Study), NICE (Methodology Checklist for Cohort Study), ARHQ (Methodology Checklist for Cross-Sectional), and NOS (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for Cohort). Results: From 2920 studies, 16 were selected to study EDs in pregnant women and 2 studies in nursing mothers. Most of the studies used questionnaires and scales as tools for the diagnosis of EDs. Binge eating, anxiety, and depression were the most common comorbidities of EDs, accompanied in most cases by excessive concern about weight gain. The consequences of EDs are diverse. The prevalence of EDs in this population is estimated to be 1 out of 20. Conclusions: Eating disorders are related to anxiety and depression and have negative consequences for both mothers and fetuses (cesarean, miscarriages, premature births). More research on the field to determine the risk factors for EDs in the population of pregnant and lactating women is needed.

Psychological and Sleep Effects of Tryptophan and Magnesium-Enriched Mediterranean Diet in Women with Fibromyalgia.

Anxiety, mood disturbance, eating and sleep disorders, and dissatisfaction with body image are prevalent disorders in women with fibromyalgia. The authors of this study aimed to determine the effects of tryptophan (TRY) and magnesium-enriched (MG) Mediterranean diet on psychological variables (trait anxiety, mood state, eating disorders, self-image perception) and sleep quality in women with fibromyalgia (n = 22; 49 ± 5 years old). In this randomized, controlled trial, the participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the placebo group. The intervention group received a Mediterranean diet enriched with high doses of TRY and MG (60 mg of TRY and 60 mg of MG), whereas the control group received the standard Mediterranean diet. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire, Body Shape Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Profile of Mood States (POMS-29) Questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test-26, and Trait Anxiety Inventory were completed before and 16 weeks after the intervention. Significant differences were observed between groups after the intervention for the mean scores of trait anxiety (p = 0.001), self-image perception (p = 0.029), mood disturbance (p = 0.001), and eating disorders (p = 0.006). This study concludes that tryptophan and magnesium-enriched Mediterranean diet reduced anxiety symptoms, mood disturbance, eating disorders, and dissatisfaction with body image but did not improve sleep quality in women with fibromyalgia.

Calorie Restriction Improves Physical Performance and Modulates the Antioxidant and Inflammatory Responses to Acute Exercise.

Our aim was to characterize the effects of calorie restriction on the anthropometric characteristics and physical performance of sportsmen and to evaluate the effects of calorie restriction and acute exercise on mitochondria energetics, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Twenty volunteer taekwondo practitioners undertook a calorie restriction of 30-40% on three alternate days a week for one month. Eleven volunteer sportsmen participated as controls. Both groups performed an energy efficiency test to evaluate physical performance, and samples were taken before and after exercise. The total weight of participants significantly decreased (5.9%) after calorie restriction, while the efficiency of work and the contributions of fat to obtain energy were enhanced by calorie restriction. No significant differences induced by acute exercise were observed in individual non-esterified fatty acid percentage or oxidative stress markers. Calorie restriction downregulated the basal gene expression of nitric oxide synthase, antioxidant enzymes, mitochondrial uncoupling proteins, and repairing stress proteins, but it enhanced the expression of sirtuins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In conclusion, one month of calorie restriction decreases body weight and increases physical performance, enhancing energy efficiency, moderating the antioxidant and inflammatory basal gene expression, and influencing its response to acute exercise.

Valoración de la influencia de un programa piloto de educación dietético-nutricional mediterránea y actividad física en madres lactantes / Influence assessment of Mediterranean diet-nutrition education and physical activity in breastfeeding mothers pilot program

FUNDAMENTOS: La retención de peso posparto está asociada con hábitos alimentarios inadecuados y una mayor insatisfacción de la imagen corporal. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer la influencia de un programa de educación dietético-nutricional mediterránea y práctica deportiva saludable en madres lactantes sobre los hábitos alimentarios, práctica de actividad física, composición corporal e insatisfacción corporal. MÉTODOS:10 madres lactantes (edad:37,4±3,3; talla:162,3±0,1; número embarazos: 2±1) participaron en el estudio, llevado a cabo durante 15 semanas. Las variables estudiadas fueron: adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, práctica de actividad física, la percepción de la imagen y la composición corporales. RESULTADOS: Aunque los resultados reportaron un incremento después de la intervención, ni la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea ni la frecuencia de actividad física variaron significativamente. CONCLUSIONES: No obstante, sí que se produjeron cambios significativos en la composición corporal y en la percepción de la imagen corporal

BACKGROUND: Post-partum weight retention is associated with inadequate eating habits and increased body image dissatisfaction. The aim was to study the influence of a mediterranean dietetic education program and healthy physical activity habits in breastfeeding mothers on food habits, physical activity practice, body composition and body dissatisfaction. METHODS: 10 nursing mothers (age:37,4±3,3; height:162,3±0,1; number of pregnancies:2±1) participated in the study, which was carried out during 15 weeks. The variables studied were: adherence to the Mediterranean diet, practice of physical activity, perception of body image and composition. RESULTS: Although the results reported an increase after the intervention, neither adherence to the mediterranean diet nor frequency of physical activity varied significantly. CONCLUSIONS: However, there were significant changes in body composition and body image perception

Psychosocial and physiological risks of shift work in nurses: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: Many jobs are associated with psychological or social risk factors. Knowledge of occupational diseases is essential for adopting rational control measures. The aim was to study and describe frequent social, psychological and physiological risk factors for nurses. METHODS: Psychological and social risks were evaluated in nurses with regular or irregular shifts. In addition, differences between nurses or nursing assistants were studied. The Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test, Profile of Mood State, Athens Insomnia Scale, Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Minnesota Leisure Time were administered. RESULTS: Nursing assistants presented higher levels of body mass index and food restriction than nurses, nevertheless, nurses showed increasing tension in work. In nursing, shift work increases psychosocial risks, insomnia, eating disorders, and trait anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, nurses and nursing assistants in health centres and hospitals show high levels of exposure to psychological and psychosocial risks that are unfavourable to their health.

Influencia de la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea baja en grasas en el rendimiento en jóvenes regatistas de élite / Influence of low fat Mediterranean diet adherence in young elite sailors' performance

Fundamentos: En las regatas de vela hay muchos factores que pueden afectar al rendimiento del regatista. Entre estos se encuentran la experiencia, el entrenamiento o la dieta. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar si existen asociaciones entre la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea baja en grasas (ADMBG) y la edad, el número de entrenamientos, la experiencia y el tipo de bote en regatistas jóvenes; así como estudiar las diferencias entre una alta o baja adherencia DMBG y alto o bajo IMC sobre las variables indicadas.Métodos:75 regatistas rellenaron un cuestionario sobre datos socio-demográficos, deportivos, y el cuestionario PREDIMED sobre ADMBG. El peso y la estatura fueron medidos mediante bioimpedancia eléctrica y tallímetro. Resultados: se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0.045), para el IMC entre regatistas con alta y baja ADMBG. En cuanto a la comparación entre grupos con diferentes rangos de IMC, se observaron diferencias entre regatistas con más experiencia mostraron un mayor IMC (p=0.004), también obtuvieron mayor IMC los que mejor posición en ocupaban en el ranking (p=0.026). Conclusiones: los regatistas con mayor ADMBG, más experiencia y mayor nivel, mostraron un mayor IMC

Background: In the sailing races (regattas) there are many factors that can affect the performance of the sailor, like his experience, training or diet. The objective of this study was to analyze if there exists associations between adherence to a low fat Mediterranean diet (LFMDA) and conditions such as: the age, number of trainings, experience and type of boat in young sailors. As well as studying the differences between a high or low adhesion to the LFMDA and a high or low BMI on specified variables. Methods: 75 sailors contributed their sporting, socio-demographic data, and filled out the PREDIMED questionnaire on LFMD. Their weight and height were measured using electrical bioimpedance and a professional medical scale. Results: statistically significant differences were found on the BMI (p = 0.045) among sailors with high and low adherence to a LFMDA. As for the comparison between groups with different ranges of BMI, differences between sailors with more experience showed a major BMI (p = 0.004), also the sailors that occupied better positions in the ranking obtained greater BMI (p = 0.026). Conclusions: the sailors adhering better to the LFMDA, with more experience and higher level of performance, showed a greater IMC

[Effects of lacto-vegetarian diet and stabilization core exercises on body composition and pain in women with fibromyalgia: randomized controlled trial]. / Efectos de la dieta lacto-vegetariana y ejercicios de estabilización del core sobre la composición corporal y el dolor en mujeres con fibromialgia: ensayo controlado aleatorizado.

BACKGROUND: fibromyalgia is a disease of unknown origin characterized by chronic muscular pain. The lack of knowledge about this disease is one of the main causes that makes complex to make a diagnosis and an appropriate treatment. OBJECTIVE: the main objective of this study was to know the efficacy of a physiotherapy treatment combined with a lacto-vegetarian dietary-nutritional intervention, on low back pain and body composition in women with fibromyalgia. METHODS: twenty-one women were randomly divided into three groups: A (core stabilization exercises + lacto-vegetarian diet), B (placebo + lacto-vegetarian diet) and C (control). The intervention lasted 4 weeks. Pain assessments (EVA scale) and body composition (bioimpedance) were performed at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. RESULTS: group A showed significant changes in pain reduction and body composition at the end of the intervention, increasing muscle mass and decreasing fat mass. In addition, this group significantly improved outcomes compared to groups B and C. The correlations showed a relationship between muscle mass and pain reduction referred to at the end of the study in patients in group A. CONCLUSIONS: four-week intervention program combining core stabilization exercises plus lacto-vegetarian diet in patients with fibromyalgia who have low back pain contributes to pain reduction and improved body composition.

Efectos de la dieta lacto-vegetariana y ejercicios de estabilización del core sobre la composición corporal y el dolor en mujeres con fibromialgia: ensayo controlado aleatorizado / Effects of lacto-vegetarian diet and stabilization core exercises on body composition and pain in women with fibromyalgia: randomized controlled trial

Introducción: la fibromialgia es una enfermedad de origen desconocido caracterizada por dolor muscular crónico. La falta de conocimientos sobre esta enfermedad es una de las principales causas por las que resulta complejo realizar un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados. Objetivo: el objetivo principal de este estudio fue conocer la eficacia de un tratamiento de fisioterapia combinado con una intervención dietético-nutricional lacto-vegetariana, sobre el dolor bajo de espalda y la composición corporal en mujeres con fibromialgia. Métodos: en el estudio participaron 21 mujeres, que fueron divididas aleatoriamente en 3 grupos: A (ejercicios estabilización core + dieta lacto-vegetariana), B (placebo + dieta lacto-vegetariana) y C (control). La intervención tuvo una duración de 4 semanas y se realizaron evaluaciones del dolor (escala EVA), y de la composición corporal (bioimpedancia), al inicio y final de la intervención. Resultados: el grupo A mostró cambios significativos en la reducción del dolor y la composición corporal al final de la intervención, aumentando la masa muscular y disminuyendo la masa grasa. Además, este grupo mejoró significativamente los resultados en comparación con los grupos B y C. Las correlaciones realizadas mostraron una relación entre la masa muscular y la disminución del dolor referido al final del estudio en las pacientes del grupo A. Conclusiones: un programa de intervención de 4 semanas de duración en el que se combina ejercicios de estabilización de core más dieta lacto-vegetariana en pacientes con fibromialgia que presentan dolor bajo de espalda contribuye a la reducción del dolor y la mejora de la composición corporal

Background: fibromyalgia is a disease of unknown origin characterized by chronic muscular pain. The lack of knowledge about this disease is one of the main causes that makes complex to make a diagnosis and an appropriate treatment. Objective: the main objective of this study was to know the efficacy of a physiotherapy treatment combined with a lacto-vegetarian dietary-nutritional intervention, on low back pain and body composition in women with fibromyalgia. Methods: twenty-one women were randomly divided into three groups: A (core stabilization exercises + lacto-vegetarian diet), B (placebo + lacto-vegetarian diet) and C (control). The intervention lasted 4 weeks. Pain assessments (EVA scale) and body composition (bioimpedance) were performed at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. Results: group A showed significant changes in pain reduction and body composition at the end of the intervention, increasing muscle mass and decreasing fat mass. In addition, this group significantly improved outcomes compared to groups B and C. The correlations showed a relationship between muscle mass and pain reduction referred to at the end of the study in patients in group A. Conclusions: four-week intervention program combining core stabilization exercises plus lacto-vegetarian diet in patients with fibromyalgia who have low back pain contributes to pain reduction and improved body composition

Intervención dietético-terapéutica en karateka con pubalgia: caso clínico / Dietary-therapeutic intervention in karateka with groin injury. Clinical case

Antecedentes: La pubalgia es una de las patologías más frecuentes dentro del ámbito deportivo. Esta patología cursa con un tiempo de recuperación deportiva prolongado, impidiendo al deportista lesionado realizar su práctica deportiva. En deportes de combate los deportistas realizan patadas constantemente y comprometen en gran medida estructuras músculo-tendinosas relacionadas con la patología. Método: Varón de 25 años diagnosticado de pubalgia, con sintomatología dolorosa en la sínfisis púbica. También presenta hábitos alimentarios inadecuados. Tras la valoración se procede a complementar el tratamiento fisioterapéutico con una alimentación centrada en la reducción de proteínas e incremento de carbohidratos, además de educación dietético-nutricional. Resultados Tras la intervención fisioterapéutica el paciente mejoró sus hábitos alimentarios, así como su composición corporal y sus parámetros analíticos, además de recuperarse deportivamente. Conclusiones: un protocolo de rehabilitación adecuado para el tratamiento de la pubalgia, acompañado de un programa dietético-nutricional adaptado, permite obtener mejoras sobre la recuperación deportiva, parámetros analíticos, composición corporal y fomenta la educación nutricional (AU)

Background: The groin injury is one of the most common diseases in the sport. This condition causes an extended time of recovery, also impedes athlete perform their sport. Karate players are kicking constantly, moreover compromise muscle-tendon structures related to pathology. Methods: 25 year old male diagnosed with groin injury with pain symptoms in the pubic symphysis. Also present inadequate eating habits. After evaluation proceeds to complement the physiotherapy with diet consisted in reducing proteins, increasing carbohydrates and promote dietary and nutritional education. Results: After the physiotherapeutic intervention, the patient improved his eating habits, as well as his body composition and analytical parameters, besides recovering sporty. Conclusions: A suitable rehabilitation protocol for the treatment of pubalgia, accompanied by an adapted dietary-nutritional program, allows improvements in sports recovery, analytical parameters, body composition and nutritional education (AU)

Revisión de las herramientas en español para la detección de los trastornos del comportamiento alimentario en adultos / Review of tools in adult Spanish population for detection of eating disorders

Fundamentos: Los trastornos del comportamiento alimentario (TCA) son uno de los principales temas de interés del siglo XXI. El creciente interés en el tratamiento y la investigación de los TCA ha fomentado el desarrollo de los métodos de evaluación, y ahora se pueden encontrar diversos cuestionarios para la evaluación de TCA, centrados tanto en las características de los hábitos alimentarios como de los aspectos psicológicos. Este trabajo pretende revisar los instrumentos de detección y evaluación que se utilizan ampliamente en la práctica clínica y la investigación en materia de TCA. Métodos: Las bases de datos científicas que se utilizaron para llevar a cabo la búsqueda bibliográfica fueron: MEDLINE , Cochrane , Scopus , PsycINFO , Psicodoc y Web of Science. Resultados: Los instrumentos descritos incluyen cuestionarios de evaluación y herramientas de medición para los síntomas específicos de los TCA. Discusión: Se discuten los factores que influyen en la validez diagnóstica de las diferentes herramientas de evaluación de los TCA. Estos problemas aparecen a causa de las dificultades asociadas a una detección del trastorno parte de los sujetos analizados. Conclusiones: Los TCA son enfermedades psiquiátricas complejas asociadas a aspectos nutricionales, que pueden derivar en complicaciones médicas importantes (AU)

Background: Eating disorders are one of the principal interest issue of the twenty-first century. The growing interest in the treatment and research of eating disorders has stimulated the development of assessment methods, and there are now many questionnaires for evaluating behavioral and attitudinal characteristics of eating pathology. Objectives: This work sets out to review the assessment tools that are widely used in clinical practice and research over eating disorders. In particular, it covers self-report measures with summaries of their psychometric properties. Method: MEDLINE , Cochrane , Scopus, PsycINFO, Psicodoc and Web of Science were searched up until nowadays for tools assessing the detection of eating disorders. Results: The instruments described include screening questionnaires and measurement tools for specific eating disorder symptoms. Discussion: There is also a discussion of distorting factors that decrease the authenticity of assessment tools. These problems arise from the definition of some constructs and from the phenomena of denial and concealment, which are frequent among eating-disordered individuals. Conclusion: Eating disorders are complex psychiatric and nutritional disorders with significant medical complications (AU)